Government Involvement Of The Civil Aircraft - 1458 Words

Government Involvement: The United States government does not actively help any companies compete in world markets. However, legislature has indirectly helped civil aircraft manufacturers. Many domestic civil aircraft manufactures are also large contributors to military aircraft production and share resources between the two tasks. Personnel, facilities, and resources necessary for both types of production are largely the same. Manufacturers often devote resources to civil aircraft when military contracts are low in supply. Civil aircraft is one of the largest exporting industries of the US and contributes a trade surplus. Therefore, it is in the best interests of the US to aid companies that manufacture civil aircraft. US legislation in airline regulation, airspace traffic control, and safety monitoring are aimed to facilitate air transportation. These measures indirectly aid aircraft manufacturers by increasing the popularity of commercial air travel and the demand for passenger ai rliners. Government subsidies in defence manufactures that also manufacture civil aircraft, in air-transported mail, and in airports also either directly or indirectly aid aircraft manufacturers. Occasionally, the US will directly subsidize research programs and production plants in civil aerospace firms. Boeing’s civil aircraft division is the winner of the most local and state subsidies. In late 2013, Boeing was awarded an $8.7 billion tax break to build its 777X plane in the state ofShow MoreRelatedHistory in Aviation Essays1084 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1958, the United States government created the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) because of increasing safety concerns due to aviation accidents. However, they were not the first government organization that regulated air transportation. 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The Economic Principle Of A Financial Economics Degree

In the past, I engaged in a very specific economic principle. The economic principle that once applied states that, everyone is better off with trade. I still remember when I was younger, studying at Jerome Middle School in Jerome, ID, where I conducted trades. My parents were proud owners of a Hispanic store. When I was younger I would take candy that was on sale at my parents store, bring it to school, and sell it. By doing this, I was conducting a trade with my consumers. I now notice that the principle stated above, everyone is better off with trade, is true. At the end of the day, I would leave with my earnings of the day, and my consumers would leave with their candy, well that’s if they haven’t ate it yet. Now that I’ve continued my studies at Northwest Nazarene University in pursue of a Financial Economics degree, I’ve studies economic issues that many economics have studied around the world. One in which I relate my story of when I was a child. Th e issue of poor countries is a popular one. Many like to question, â€Å"Will poor countries stay poor, if not, how can they become rich?† I look at this question, and think of when I was a child. Referring to my past story, I noticed that I was a child with no capital. I soon found capital finding a supply, candy, finding demand, my fellow classmates, and sell the product with a marked up value, and finally creating revenue. This is what poor countries need to do in order to improve their countries economic situation. AfterShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Principles For Financial Theory1339 Words   |  6 Pagestowards the theory of markets, economic fluctuation and a very efficient use of the limited resources. Because of his curiosity, he got the Nobel Prize for his theories presented. 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For all his Byronic Free Essays

string(34) " his tyrannical sadistic actions\." â€Å"For all his Byronic / Gothic excesses, Heathcliff exists and steps out of the confines of fiction†¦easily† (Evans 1982) â€Å"He stands unredeemed never once swerving in his arrow straight course to perdition† (CBronte, 1847) With reference to these and other readings of the character of Heathcliff, explore your own interpretation of this character. In your essay you should: * Consider the role and function of Heathcliff within the novel * Explore the characterisation * Consider the various interpretations of his character by A) Characters within the novel B) Critics * Make a personal response to the character. Teacher’s Name: Mrs Gowdy Date: When Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, she received much criticism for the character of Heathcliff. We will write a custom essay sample on For all his Byronic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heathcliff was believed to be the complete opposite to what a Victorian Gentleman should be: â€Å"It is almost definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain† (Cardinal Newman, 1852) Her sister, Charlotte, could not understand why Emily had a character of such evil in her book: â€Å"Whether it is right or advisable to create beings like Heathcliff, I do not know: I scarcely think it is.† (1) Considering Emily’s background, it is logical to see why Charlotte might feel like this. Emily was born July 30th 1818 at Thornton, near Bradford, Yorkshire, and was the fifth of six children born to Patrick Bronte and his wife Maria Branwell. When she was two the family moved to Haworth, where Mr Bronte had been appointed the vicar. Except for short periods away as a student and later as a teacher, Haworth would remain her home for all her life. By the time she was seven, Emily had experienced three deaths in her family- her mother and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth. Because of her reclusive life, she therefore might not be expected to know of such people to base the character of Heathcliff on. A suggestion for the way Heathcliff behaved is her brother Branwell, who was an alcoholic and dabbled with drugs: † It would have been impossible for Emily to render Hindley’s alcoholic degradation and Heathcliff’s ranting misery without the protracted spectacle of Branwell’s breakdown before her eyes day in and day out.† (Katherine Frank, 1990) However, Heathcliff is a character who stirs emotions in the reader, and our sympathy returns to him again and again throughout the novel, despite his many violent deeds. But why? Why do we feel pity for a man who is presented as an embodiment of dark powers? We are introduced to Heathcliff right at the opening of the first chapter by Mr. Lockwood, (who ironically could be a type of the Victorian Gentleman,) who is delighted to discover that he is somewhat of a misanthropist like himself: â€Å"Mr. Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us†(2) However, Mr Lockwood soon discovers that Heathcliff is not all that he seems to be. Heathcliff winces at the mention of Thrushcross Grange, when Mr Lockwood inquires about it: † ‘Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir’ he interrupted, wincing. ‘I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it – walk in!’ † (3) This suggests to the reader that this comment touches on a delicate part of Heathcliff’s history, and is something in which he would rather keep secret. Lockwood in chapter two makes a vain attempt to be sociable with the tenants of Wuthering Heights, only to be laughed at by Heathcliff: â€Å"My amiable lady’ he interrupted with an almost diabolical sneer on his face† (4) Heathcliff is quite rude to Lockwood, and we can come to the conclusion that he was one who was not brought up with any manners. (This proves to be true later on in the book). Heathcliff clearly shows no sympathy toward him, and wishes for Lockwood to mind his own business. â€Å"Mr Heathcliff may have entirely dissimilar reasons for keeping his hand out of the way when he meets a would-be acquaintance, to those which actuate me† (5) Bronte has chosen to keep this side in the dark, instead choosing to present him as a cold hearted recluse, only at first and then we are quickly shown his passionate side in chapter three. Mr Lockwood’s character is naturally inquisitive, and therefore this episode with the landowner only makes Mr. Lockwood more interested in Heathcliff and his background. Catherine’s diary shows insight into Heathcliff’s past and the way he was treated. â€Å"Hindley is a detestable substitute- his conduct to Heathcliff is atrocious† (6) From this, we can establish that Heathcliff was subject to hostility and was surrounded by harsh treatment. Hindley always saw Heathcliff as a threat to him, especially as he is the ‘outsider’ in the family. Nelly reports to Mr. Lockwood: â€Å"He bred bad feeling in the house; and at Mrs. Earnshaw’s death†¦ the young master had learned to regard his father as an oppressor rather than a friend, and Heathcliff as a usurper of his parent’s affections and his privileges; and he grew bitter with brooding over these injuries.† (7) Hindley, when they were boys, would thrash Heathcliff, and call him names such as † Imp of Satan†. Later on as young men, Hindley degrades him in front of Catherine, as he soon picks up on the fondness between the two, and makes him a servant. Naturally, this treatment he received had an effect on Heathcliff. Being this cold-hearted character is normal to him, having no other example of morals, except in Catherine. He rejects conventional Christian morality at an early age, (no thanks to Joseph whose methods of teaching the young children the Bible in a repressive and forbidding way could be questioned!) and also fails to pick it up as an adult. This rejection of faith could be possibly the reason why he is always referred to in a diabolical way. He has chosen not to be Christian, and therefore the powers of darkness are now ‘controlling’ him. Characters such as Mr Earnshaw’s comment on the impression of darkness he gives in the novel and of his tyrann ical sadistic actions. You read "For all his Byronic" in category "Papers" â€Å"It’s as dark as if it came from the devil† (8) It is almost as if he enjoys this evil impression he gives, and he learns he can attack people’s weaknesses, such as Hindley and his enjoyment of gambling, which he uses to his advantage to gain ownership of Wuthering Heights. â€Å"You would imagine I was the devil himself- to excite such horror† (9) Heathcliff is such a contrast to what men where like in the Victorian era, which as Cardinal Newman suggests: † Is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him†¦carefully avoids †¦all clashing of opinion, or collision of felling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom or resentment; his great concern being to make everyone at ease and at home.† It wouldn’t be surprising that the character was criticised, but Bronte did accomplish a much-debated character. Heathcliff does have emotions, and passionate ones at that, and this spurs him on in life. If Catherine was not at Wuthering Heights at the beginning, Heathcliff would not have stayed very long and bore all the physical and emotional torment he was given. Catherine seemed to keep him there, and when he fled, it was only because she had deserted him for a gentleman. We see how much he truly loves Catherine when Lockwood has his dream: â€Å"He got on to the bed, and wrenched open the lattice, bursting, as he pulled at it, into an uncontrollable passion of tears. ‘Come in! Come in!’ he sobbed. ‘Cathy do come. Oh, do- once more! Oh! My hearts darling! Hear me this time, Catherine at last!† (10) Lockwood is startled at this and comments that â€Å"he seemed so powerfully affected† and â€Å"struggled to vanquish an excess of violent emotion†. The desperation in Heathcliff’s voice shows us how he grieves for a lost one. We are now shown that he is not so evil as he displays himself to be, but still carries some violent tendencies with him, even though that is not expected when you are grieving. However knowing the love he carries for Catherine and his pain for her deserting him when they were young, we can understand why he reacts this way. The way Bronte uses this language to describe Heathcliff, makes him believable to the reader. Our sympathy lies with him, and Lockwood has now changed his perspective on Heathcliff, as has the reader. Nelly, like the reader, changes her opinion of Heathcliff according to the actions he does. When Nelly first met Heathcliff, she referred to him as ‘it’, she did not regard Heathcliff as a person due to his physical appearance. † I had a peep at a dirty ragged child†¦yet when it was set on its feet, it’s face looked older than Catherine’s† (11) Nelly was a child when Heathcliff arrived, and childishly was jealous, along with Catherine and Hindley of having someone which did not look like them being part of the family. However as they both grow up together both have some kind of respect for each other, though it may be small at some times. Nelly fells sympathy towards Heathcliff during the time of Hindley’s harsh treatment, and was genuinely surprised that he seemed so immune to it, as if it didn’t affect him. However the reader knows that treatment like that does affect a person emotionally, and this cultivated a great resentment towards his tormentors. â€Å"He seemed a sullen, patient child, hardened, perhaps to ill treatment† (12) Her loyalties were torn between Heathcliff and Hindley, and we see her compassion for Heathcliff when he confides in her about Catherine. We learn that Heathcliff is completely devoted to Catherine. † The nation of envying Catherine was incomprehensible to him but the notion of grieving her he understood completely† So much in fact she helps him clean himself up, due to Heathcliff not caring about her appearance since Cathy left. Nelly is also Heathcliff’s confidant. She tells him how Cathy is, and what her feelings are towards him. Nelly clearly understands how deep his love is for Cathy. Catherine plays an enormous part in Heathcliff’s life, and his love for her seems to be a redeeming feature. Catherine and Heathcliff become very â€Å"thick† when they are young, as Nelly comments to Mr Lockwood, and this weakness that Heathcliff has, this love for Cathy, is manipulated by Hindley as a means of punishment, and is also the reason in my mind why Heathcliff is so determined to seek revenge. As Pinkmonkey, a literature Internet guide, points out in its character analysis of Heathcliff: â€Å"During adolescence, Heathcliff simply assumes that they will always be together† This assumption proves to be wrong. Edgar Linton proposed to Catherine, and she agreed, because she thought that Heathcliff was in fact, too uncivilised and uneducated to be her husband. Although this may sound selfish to Heathcliff when he eavesdropped on the conversation between Nelly and Cathy, we find out soon that after her own interests, she intends to help him in the future. † It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how much I love him†¦ My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I’m well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath, a source of little visible delight, but necessary† (13) Cathy uses nature to contrast the two young men, and chooses a tree’s foliage for Linton. Foliage can be trimmed and blooms, which is what Cathy is feeling for Linton now, but she knows when the harsh weather and the seasons change, all the foliage will die. She knows that she won’t love Linton eternally, and problems facing the two will speed up the process. Heathcliff however is symbolised as rocks and are not affected by the weather. Rocks are wild and jagged, which matches Heathcliff’s personality, and when the bad weather comes, the rocks are not affected because they are strong. The last comment she says, † a little visible delight but necessary.† could mean she knows that Heathcliff is not likeable but she needs him, as he provides sturdy foundations for her. Unfortunately for Heathcliff, he never gets to hear this part of the conversation, and flees Wuthering Heights. This moment in Heathcliff’s history symbolises his turning point, as a character. He now feels a great sense of loss and betrayal, and Heathcliff never forgives Cathy for what she does, but nevertheless still loves her as passionately as before. When he returns after three years, he finds that she has married Edgar Linton and is now mistress of Thrushcross Grange. His plans at first were to seek revenge on Hindley and merely check up on Cathy to see if she is happy. However his suffering at seeing her again overwhelms him and he starts to torment the others, especially Isabella. Isabella is instantly attracted to Heathcliff, possibly because he has returned with an air of mystery around him, and seems dark and brooding. Linton is unhappy because he knew that his property could possibly fall into Heathcliff’s hands if they should marry. Heathcliff at first, has no interest in her whatsoever, and is completely unaware of her affection towards him, until Catherine spitefully makes it known, embarrassing Isabella in the process. Heathcliff has no interest in Isabella, simply because he is still infatuated with Catherine. However the appeal of getting one over on Edgar is too great for him, and starts to woo Isabella. This infuriates Catherine and her husband, but Heathcliff only wanted to affect the latter. It seems that he blames Edgar for not being with Cathy, that if he had never been there as a child, Cathy and he would be together. There is also the possibility that Heathcliff, when he was younger was jealous of the social acceptance that others had. Heathcliff was picked on because he wasn’t ‘one of them’- not actually be blood related to the Earnshaws; he was found on the streets of Liverpool. Now he has returned, gentleman in appearance, but still the same emotionally affected person, willing to wreak havoc on the people who mocked him. Isabella was warned about Heathcliff- but she chose to ignore it. She knows that by marrying Heathcliff it will anger Cathy who has a ‘if I don’t have him no-one can ‘ attitude, and will gain her revenge for embarrassing her. She truly believes that Heathcliff does love her. Catherine on the other hand knows deep inside that Heathcliff only loves her and cannot understand why he would like Isabella. † Oh, the evil is that I am not jealous, is it? Well, I won’t repeat my offer of a wife: it is as bad as offering Satan a lost soul. Your bliss lies, like his, in inflicting misery. You prove it†¦ I begin to be at secure and tranquil; and you, restless to know us at peace, appear resolved on exciting a quarrel. Quarrel with Edgar if you please, Heathcliff, and deceive his sister: you’ll hit on exactly the most efficient method of revenging yourself on me.† (14) Heathcliff and Isabella run away together, but not before Heathcliff shows us his sadistic side – † Miss Isabella’s Springer, Fanny, (was) suspended to a handkerchief, and nearly at its last gasp† (15) Soon enough, the ‘honeymoon’ is over, and Isabella realises just who her husband really is. He is cruel and violent, and Isabella questions Nelly in a letter about her husband: † Is Mr. Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not is he the devil?† (16) Abraham Lincoln once said † If you want to test a man’s character, give him power† and this could be said for Heathcliff. Heathcliff gains power of Wuthering Heights by manipulating Hindley. Hindley at this point is an alcoholic and likes to bet. He loses his money through betting and is attracted to Heathcliff’s newly found wealth, thinking he could win it. However, in the need Hindley dies deep in debt, and Heathcliff loaned him so much money that now he owns Wuthering Heights. Hindley still detested Heathcliff, even though he allowed him to stay there, and on many occasions as told to Isabella, has tried to kill him. We as the reader, however still think of Heathcliff with sympathy, even though we disapprove of his actions, especially towards Hindley and Isabella. We still remember his treatment as a child from Hindley, and so when he seeks out his revenge, we find it extremely difficult not to wish him success. By gaining this power, he is able now to control the future, by arranging marriages and so on. Catherine before she died, gave birth to young Cathy, and Isabella gave birth to young Linton in London. When she died, Edgar wanted to have custody of the child. However, Heathcliff has seen the possibilities and demands that he should come to live with him. After all, he is the father. Linton is quite the opposite of his father; he is pale, weak and quite spoilt in his ways. When Heathcliff finally meets him, he does not even pretend to love him, he calls his mother a slut, and mistreats him. † I’m jealous of monopolising his affection†¦yes Nell, †¦my son is the prospective owner of this place, and I should not wish him to die till I was certain of being his successor. Besides, he’s mine, and I want the triumph of seeing my descendant fairly lord of their estates: my child hiring their children to till their father’s lands for wages. That is the sole consideration, which can make me endure the whelp: I despise him for himself, and I hate him for the memories he revives!†(17) Heathcliff arranges meetings between young Cathy and Linton because he knows that if they were married, his son could own Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff then has to find some way to claim it himself, and he was delighted to find out the Linton was in ill health without his interference. Heathcliff used emotional torment on Linton, who has a weak disposition anyway, to make him worse. He forces young Cathy to marry Linton for his benefit, which the young girl is not happy about, especially since her father is dying and Heathcliff won’t let her see him. When Cathy shouts at him, through Nelly’s words we can see how Heathcliff is affected by Cathy’s words: † Heathcliff you are a cruel man, but you’re not a fiend; and you won’t, from mere malice, destroy irrevocably all my happiness†¦I’ve given over crying: but I’m going to kneel here, at your knee; and I’ll not get up, and I’ll not take my eyes from your face till you look back at me! No, don’t turn away! Do look! Have you never loved anybody in all your life, uncle? Never? Ah! You must look once.† (18) Heathcliff can see his Catherine in her daughter’s eyes, which is heart breaking for him, as he can’t even bear to look at her. Heathcliff is not hated by Cathy, which also affects him emotionally. † He shrigged his sholders; shook himself, indeed, as if his flesh crept with aversion;† (19) I do not think he should inflict his revenge on the younger generation, simply because they were not to blame for the pain that Heathcliff bore in the past, especially Hareton, who is Hindley’s son. Hindley was brought up badly by his father, who was always drunk and violent to him. Heathcliff wished to bring him up after his father’s death. Heathcliff treats Hareton in a way, which reflects the way Hindley treated him, except that Hareton is completely oblivious to the fact that this is happening to him, because he wasn’t educated. So, Hareton, who should have been the finest gentleman in the area, is reduced to living at Wuthering Heights as a common, uneducated servant, friendless and without hope, and surprisingly he likes Heathcliff. As Heathcliff comes closer and closer to realising his final revenge, he seems more preoccupied with his memory of Catherine. The horrible image of Heathcliff uncovering her grave just to see her face shows us his depth of passion for her. † I got the sexton to remove the earth off her coffin-lid, and I opened it. I thought, once I would have stayed there: when I saw her face again- it is hers yet- he had hard work to stir me; but he said it would change if the air blew on it, and so I struck one side of the coffin loose, and covered it up: not Linton’s side, damn him! I wish he’d been soldered in lead†¦when I’m laid there, and slide mine out too; I’ll have it made so: and then, by the time Linton gets to us, he’ll not know which is which!† (20) The thought of Edgar and Catherine’s bodies decomposing together is too much for him. He states that he wants to be buried next to Catherine, and even punches a hole in her casket and asks that the same would be done to him so that their dust can mingle. Near the time of his death, he becomes more and more isolated from everyone and increasingly obsessed with his dead love, imagining that she is haunting him, and Heathcliff becomes more cheerful, and feels happy that when he dies he will be reunited with Catherine. † I have neither a fear, nor a presentiment, nor a hope of death. Why should I? †¦ It is a long fight; I wish it were over!† (21) It is only at this time he feels reconciled to her spirit that he abandons his cruelty towards Catherine and Hareton. Heathcliff is a truly interesting character and our sympathy lies with him, because we understand why he is so determined to seek his revenge on the people who opposed him in the first place. With regards to the quotations at the start of my essay, Heathcliff is a character who seems vivid. The manner in which he speaks and the emotion that he carries with him throughout the book makes him † step out of the confines of fiction†. We never really hate him for what he does, simply because we know why he does it. He was badly treated when he was younger, and this developed into revenge. Still, our sympathy lies with him. Charlotte Bronte may not have liked his † arrow straight course to perdition† but modern readers who read Wuthering Heights justify why, without prejudice. How to cite For all his Byronic, Papers

Browser Wars free essay sample

Although Netscape had first mover advantage and a strong product; Microsoft was able to knock them out of the competition for Internet browser control. This was accomplished mainly by bundling Microsoft’s Internet browser, Internet Explorer, with its operating systems. Netscape was unable to compete and was ultimately purchased by America Online. AOL can now utilize several of the Netscape’s strengths to add value to their base product as an Internet portal and in establishing the browser of the future that will be used in non-PC Internet connected devices. Problem Statement Microsoft is attempting to establish a monopoly lock on the browser market. If this happens, they could potentially create proprietary control of the way customers access the internet and the standards used in creating webpages, effectively crippling any current or future competitors. Statement of Facts Netscape Netscape believed that eventually the network would replace the computer and cross-platform browsers would be more important than the operating system. Their vision of the future included a single interface that smart phones, television and interactive games would all use to communicate. This vision necessitated open standards to connect everything. Netscape released the first version of navigator in 1994 and almost immediately gained more than 50% of browser market share. The web was its primary distribution channel but over time it expanded into other means of distribution. Netscape negotiated bundling arrangements with computer manufacturers and software venders. It was originally priced at $39, but was free for academic and non-profit use. By 1995 Navigator had more than 10 million users and over $40 million in sales. The growth continued for 10 quarters but reversed in 1997. In response to the fall in revenues, Netscape cutback their development program and posted their source code at www. mozilla. org for developers to modify and upgrade. Netscape felt their strong commitment to cross-platform development was their greatest asset, â€Å"Netscape’s browser was available on 16 different operating systems. † Netscape also expanded into website services and electronic commerce software, and planned to utilize the fact that â€Å"Netcenter,† Netscape’s homepage was the second most popular destination on the web. A new division was created to focus on online advertising, and Netscape began working on innovations that tied their web browser to their main web site. Microsoft Despite Netscape’s success, Microsoft was slow to move into the browser market, and not competitive at first. Although Internet Explorer was bundled with Windows 96, it would take four generations before Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was able to diminish Netscape’s lead in market share. According to the case, â€Å"Dataquest reported that Microsoft’s share had nearly doubled in the past year from 20% to 39%, while Netscape’s had fallen from 73% to 57%. † Microsoft’s goal was to integrate internet technologies into their already established products, beginning with it Windows 95 operating systems. Microsoft also negotiated distribution agreements with Internet service providers and online services. Microsoft faced many legal challenges slowing its progress towards success in the browser market. The Department of Justice determined that â€Å"the company had violated the terms of a 1995 consent decree by tying the distribution of Internet Explorer to Windows 95. † Other computer distributers claimed that Microsoft had required them to install Internet Explorer in order to license Windows 95. The company agreed to concessions, mainly offering a version of Windows 95 without Internet Explorer. However, this did not end the legal troubles. In 1998, federal and state antitrust suits were brought against Microsoft. America Online America Online tried to invest in Netscape’s first round of financing in 1994 and also attempted to license Navigator, however neither action was successful. After a partnership proposal with Netscape was turned down in 1996, AOL partnered made Internet Explorer its default browser. The case gives three arguments for this agreement, â€Å"It(Internet Explorer) was free, Microsoft would customize the browser to provide seamless integration with AOL, and Bill Gates was willing to bundle access to AOL with Windows 95. AOl further entrenched itself in the browser battle by acquiring Netscape in 1998. Standardization Despite their legal trouble, Microsoft continued to tightly integrated Internet Explorer into the code of their newest operating system, while Netscape â€Å"viewed the browser as a graphical user interface that could sit on top of Windows or any OS. † Although Netscape ch ampioned the idea of open technologies and general standardization, both companies focused more on innovation than adherence to established standards. This caused subtle difference between the browser and made it difficult for web designers. â€Å"The Web Standards Project, a developers’ group, estimated in 1998 that the need to accommodate more sophisticated features of different browsers amounted to approximately 25% of the cost of building a site. † Webmasters were forced to choose a browser or spend more time and money making it compatible with each. Analysis of Facts Microsoft was slow to spot the importance the Web but then raced to catch up. It reached technical parity with Netscape in its 4th generation browser, but did not capture market share until it started adopting the tactics that provoked the antitrust cases. By intimidating computer distributors and not allowing them to provide other browser options, Microsoft was able to capture a larger share of the market due to their almost universally used operating system. As the personal computer market grew, so did Microsoft’s share of the browser market. Even though they were the second mover, they had advantages that broke down the normally strong barriers to entry that Netscape established through first-mover advantage. The main advantage was control over the distribution of PCs, a complement to Internet browsers. A Netscape executive states it best in the case, â€Å"The key to success for the whole thing was getting ubiquity on the [browser] side†¦One of the fundamental lessons is that market share now equals revenue later†¦Another fundamental lesson is that whoever gets the volume does win in the end. † Recommendations – America Online should understand that Microsoft has won the browser war and look to Netscape’s other strengths. Namely, the traffic heavy â€Å"Netcenter†, the electronic commerce software, and the open source application development fostered through Mozilla. org. America Online is the leader among Internet portal companies, they should expand their audience even further via Netscape’s Netcenter website. America online should concentrate on advertising revenues and leverage the fact that it has the two most visited websites on the Internet. With America Online’s significant share of content creation and access points on the Internet, it can easily move into electronic commerce. AOL should utilize Netscape’s skills at transmission encryption and server authentication to establish a strong foundation in the e-commerce market. America Online should not cut ties with Microsoft and should continue to use Internet explorer as the front end for its consumers but it should also use its relationship with Microsoft to help ensure adherence to web standards from both Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. This will ensure ease-of-use for AOL customers and a user-friendly network of browsers for web developers. Lastly, America Online should continue to foster growth in the open source browser effort to harness the talent of developers all over the world and create the next generation browser for mobile applications. As people move away from PC’s and into more mobile Internet devices, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer will no longer have the advantage of being automatically bundles with the device. AOL and Netscape should also take advantage of the lawsuits and legal challenges that are plaguing Microsoft. They have a window of opportunity while Microsoft can’t retaliate with the same ruthlessness that it did against Netscape originally.

The Effect of Education on Language Use and Workplace Performance of Men and Women free essay sample

She’s blond so she must be dumb. He is wearing glasses so he must be smart but socially awkward. She is not dressed very feminine so she must be a man-hating lesbian. He is fat so he must be lazy. He has fashion sense so he must be gay. He is wearing a turban so he must be a terrorist. These are just a few of the many stereotypes that are portrayed by the media. A stereotype is an oversimplified conception that you put on someone because of the way they look, what gender they are, or countless other categories that we put people in. Many people fail to realize how the media influences the way they think about people of a different nationality, race, religion, or gender. This widespread belief in stereotypes has adversely affected women in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Education on Language Use and Workplace Performance of Men and Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ann Hopkins is a prime example of the negative impact stereotyping has had in the workplace. She was a consultant for Price Waterhouse, a large consulting firm. She billed 34 million dollars in consulting fees, more than any other candidate that was being considered for a partnership. She was denied the partnership because she didn’t wear makeup, and she didn’t ‘walk or talk femininely. She didn’t fit the media stereotype of a successful professional woman and suffered for it. If a woman is an aggressive go-getter then there is something wrong with her, where as a man would be praised for the same behavior. On the flip side of the coin women are often kept out of the higher echelon jobs because they are not aggressive enough. (Kelly, Young, and Clark) Men and women should be treated equally in the workplace. Women work just as hard as men and should have the same opportunities for those high end jobs when they have the same experience and educational background.

Edward R. Murrow essays

Edward R. Murrow essays If Edward R. Murrow and Fred Friendly sat down to watch the evening news in 2007, they would probably be very sorry to see what has become of their lead as newscasters. Except for a scanty few news magazines, such as 60 Minutes developed by See It Now alumni Don Hewitt, and political talk shows as Bill Moyers and Face the Nation, most of the TV news consists of sound bites, canned formats with bantering newscasters and rehashes of the same information ad nausea. In fact, the news often sounds like a soap opera, where people tune in to find out the next saga in someones life (or death). Many (most?) of todays TV viewers want to be entertained. Just look at all the reality shows that have become so popular. Instead, Murrow thoroughly covered a topic. This provided the viewers with a strong foundation on the subject. His viewpoint may have differed from some of the people watching the show, but he had the conviction to say what he believed. This raises another concern with todays news. The news media are now under greater constraints. For example, they do not have the ability to film the war in Iraq, as the Vietnam War was filmed. They do not have access to visualize imprisoned foreign nationals. He took responsibility for making sure that the public were shown what was happening in their country or by their country. No one can eliminate prejudices - just recognize them, Murrow said. (Ironically, today more of this recognition of prejudices comes from the comedians, such as Jon Stewart). Murrow would run through the different headlines for the day and then talk with the various reporters in the United States and overseas. These were professionally trained journalists, not men who just read the words put up in front of them. Then Murrow would do his closing essay and comment on some vital issue, continually being purposely controversial, so that the audience wou...

Costco Wholesale Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Costco Wholesale Corporation - Essay Example As the discussion highlights even in the uncertain economic condition of 2010, Costco’s sales was 76.3 billion USD which was 9% more compared to 2009 (69.9 billion USD). Costco had tackled the recent financial crisis very effectively and had strong financial position at that time. The case will analyze the effectiveness of Costco’s strategy in achieving huge success in the retail industry. Because of the effective strategy, at present Costco has become one of the leading players and a strong competitor in the market of the USA. The basic assumption of this case study is to evaluate if the strategy of Costco is operative or not. From this paper it is clear that Costco has unique business model as compared to other competitors and it endeavors to bring on certain new aspects in the retail field. The wholesale risk-taking capability has incessantly reinvented Costco and provided the organization a competitive advantage. By the durable perseverance on the highest superiority to earn revenue, Costco has certainly gained the faith of the associates. The faith and status of Costco has permitted the company to enlarge its business. Besides, the wholesale consumer products have also contributed to the success of Costco. Costco’s business model was made on the basis of minimizing the costs and improving the care for the customers and employees . Â  Immigrant Perspective: Costco always tries to stay positive towards the cultural perception by incessantly viewing and grabbing opportunities which are ignored by other organizations. At times, other organizations are reluctant to grab those opportunities when the market condition is not in favor of them. Circular Visualization: Costco had visualized the economic recession and was aware about the changes in retail sector. When Wal-Mart’s cost leadership strategy forced numerous retail companies to make business relationships, Costco’s circular visualization had helped the company to reorganize a new retail distribution channel.

Economic Outcome Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Outcome Analysis - Research Paper Example The same concepts and models are going to be applied to Andy's Parties business to determine whether it would be viable for it to be franchised. The first fundamental step is to evaluate the business. This step would be help in determining the sale and the profitability of a business. If the sales of a business are decimal, it would be difficult to franchise such a business since the sales reflect the standing of the business in the market. Less profitable businesses are businesses that are likely to have fewer customers and their products and services are not well known to the targeted customers. Andy's Parties’ annual financial record shows that it does not do well in terms of selling its services to its customers. For the whole year it organized an average 650 parties for the whole year (Spinelli, Rosenberg, and Birley, 2004). This translates to nearly one to a maximum of two parties a day at an average cost of $385 per event. These are low sales for the Andy's Parties to c onsider franchising its services. In other words, Andy's Parties services and may be products are not known vastly among its targeted customers; therefore, it would be difficult or quite a challenge for the franchisees to do well in selling Andy's Parties services. ... In this case, the franchisors are usually expecting 15% ROI where if the initial investment for the franchising business is $200,000, the franchisee is expected to look for a minimum of $30,000 as the annual profits of the business. Moreover, the business needs to pay for royalties. The Andy’s Parties annual operation cost is $470,000, thirty percent of this amount is $141,000. This means that when it franchises the business, the franchisee will be expected to have a return of $141,000 at the end of the third year (Spinelli, Rosenberg, and Birley, 2004). From the Andy's Parties annual report, it can only manage $80,000 before tax. This means that its expectation of its franchisees will be more that what it makes by itself. Notably, the franchisees must also pay loyalties above the amount they are required to return into the Andy's Parties investments (Mhlaba, 2004). With this large figures reality, franchising Andy's Parties services will be a burden to Andy's Parties and fran chisee since the reality of profit making will never come by within the expected period. Additionally, the Andy's Parties has not provided its business structure that would help the franchisee to determine their relationship with the franchisor. It is usually vital to couple ROI which is a single unit with other successful base model to warrant franchising. In most cases, it is usually difficult to replicate the success and effectiveness of a single unit especially where the owner of the business is passionate and quite hand on with the business (Hayes, 2005). In this case, it is vital for the business intending to franchise its services to try its business concepts in at least three locations. Therefore, since Andy's Parties has not tried

A Doll's House Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Doll's House Play - Essay Example It would also be discussed whether her decision to leave are justified or not. The Fisher girl costume that Nora wore in the play symbolizes the pretentious lifestyle that she was living as this was used to show that she was hiding under this costume. Italy as used in the play also symbolizes the false image that was portrayed by Nora. The macaroon that was eaten by Nora also showed Nora’s deceit to her husband. Nora was deceptive to her husband and she definitely hid her feelings from him and this was the symbolism of the Macaroon in the play. â€Å"Are you happy now? There - there - there - don't look like a frightened little dove - the whole thing's just sheer imagination. Now, you must rehearse your tarantella - with the tambourine. I'll go sit in the inner room and shut the doors, so you can make all the noise you like - I shan't hear a thing.† (Ibsen 190). The tarantella dance by Nora also suggests her unhappiness as a wife and a mother. This tarantella dance was used to show Nora’s struggle with life and her agitation with her husband. â€Å"Nora, darling, you're dancing as if your life depended on it!† (Ibsen 204). Evidence to show that Nora is unhappy with the life that she leads as a wife and mother was when she realized that she had been hiding under another person’s shadow and pretending to be what she was not. ... She was also not happy that, she had to secretly work in order to pay off her loan as it was illegal for a woman to procure a loan without the consent of her husband. These were signs that she was unhappy with the way she lived as a wife and a mother as she could no longer continue living like that. Nora was blackmailed by Krogstad and it was actually after this that readers would learn that she is unhappy. She then begins to consider her concept of freedom and decide within herself whether she was happy or not. It was at this point that the reader begins to discover that she was unhappy with the life she led as a wife to Torvald. Thus, it was clear that Nora was unhappy with the manner at which she had been made to cope with the orders and edicts of her husband. â€Å"Still it was tremendous fun sitting there working and earning money. It was almost like being a man.† (Ibsen 162) It was now clear that she wanted to break free from her familial obligations as she sought to pur sue her own ambitions. Nora made her decision to leave after coming to the sudden realization that she was living her father’s life. She discovered that her marriage was actually contracted in order to please her father and the dictates of the society. It was Nora’s realization of the truth about her life that influenced her decision to leave her husband; quit her marital status and abandon her children. She wanted to be independent and she was of the opinion that, being under a man that her heart was not right with would hinder her from really being the kind of independent woman she would have loved to be. â€Å"It's a sweet little bird, but it gets through a terrible amount of money. You wouldn't believe how much it costs a man when he's got a little song-bird like you!† (Ibsen

The History Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay

The History Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay Domestic Violence is a widespread problem both internationally and nationally (Tjaden and Tjaden, 2000; WHO, 2000; 2002). In the United Kingdom alone it has been reported that one in four women have experienced domestic abuse, at some point in their lives (BMA 1998; Bacchus et al. 2002 and BCS 2006). These statistics found do not represent the true context of the problem encountered by many professionals who may be in contact with these individuals and families. It has been widely reported that with this being a sensitive topic and the nature of the subject, it has been under reported and therefore not truly representative of how serious the problem is (REF). To define what domestic violence is it may be helpful to understand what kind of behaviours it may entail. The Home Offices definition of domestic violence is; Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. The issue of domestic violence has no boundaries in regards to gender, age, sexuality, ethnicity, disability or socio economic status. Having said this, it has to be acknowledged that indeed some research does suggest equal prevalence of both male and female perpetrated violence (Straus et al. 1980; Mirrless-Black, 1999 and Morse, 1995). Research has suggested this has failed to account for other kinds of abuse and focused largely on physical assaults. A large error in such studies is in their use of self-completion questionnaires. The use of this tool has been criticised for the heavy emphasis on physical acts that have been taken out of context (Yllo, 1988; Dobash and Dobash, 1992). Thus between acts of self-defence or attack, there is no discrimination nor in the level of impact of the abuse or violence encountered. Mirrlees-Black (1999) however has recognised that the initial findings of her study that showed similar rates for men and women as victims of a violent relationship ma y not mean that men are equally victimised in the same manner as women. After close examination she found that men interpreted and managed their experiences in a different way to women. In fact men were considerably less frightened, much less injured, and least likely to seek professional help. There are cases of domestic abuse present in same sex relationships, or women as the aggressor towards men but historically, numerically and geographically the most occurring pattern is one of men and their violence towards women (Dobash and Dobash, 1992; and Mullender, 1996). Research has also found that for women the impact of domestic abuse is greater emotionally, psychologically as well as physically (Walby and Allen, 2004; Watson and Parsons, 2005; Womens Aid and the Women Abuse Studies Unit, London 2001). In addition it has also found steadily that as many as one in three women will experience domestic violence at some point in their lives (McGibbon et al. 1988; Mooney, 1994; Dominy and Radford, 1996). The presence of children in a household has also shown an association with twice the risk of domestic violence for women (Walby and Allen, 2004). In this sense children cannot help but be affected by their experiences of abuse. Hence, while the focus of study and understanding has mostly been achieved in eliciting women and their views, of shelter workers and of other professionals, it has also pursued a line of investigation directly into childrens experience of contact to domestic violence (Buckley, Whelan and Holt, 2006; Hague and Mullender, 2006; Mullender et al., 2002 and McGee, 2000). A substantial amount of literature in this area exists which concentrates on the effects on children (Hague and Mullender, 2006; Hazen et al. 2006). Edleson (1999) has in fact found more than eighty studies in this area. Childhood is regarded as an important and significant period in anyones lifetime. It is a time that should be guarded. Development and learning during this period should be nurtured and supported in the given environment. If the environment is tainted by fear and violence, the act itself of growing up becomes an arduous task. Osofsky (1995) found that exposure to violence can lead to reverting back to childhood, also known as regressive symptoms such as bedwetting, delayed language development and anxiousness over separation from parents. Other researchers have also found links between domestic violence within a household and children having learning and behavioural problems which can affect their health, emotional and behavioural well-being (Wolfe et al. 1988 and Margolin, 1998). It is important to iterate that no researchers in this area have stated that domestic violence causes these maladaptive behaviours. Often where domestic violence occurs, other social problems have been known to also exist. Devaney (2008) found that domestic violence was present when parental substance and alcohol misuse also existed. As you can see this starts to formulate a slightly less straight-forward area of research where many complexities are involved; though serves to highlight other risk factors which may be helpful to look at. Research in the area has also indicated that there are links between domestic violence and child abuse. Bancroft and Miller (2002) have found that there is a greater chance of a child experiencing physical or sexual abuse whilst living in a household where domestic violence occurs. Indication of how grave the issue is can be seen in a study by Walby (2004) who found that in 40% of child abuse cases there was also co-occurrence of domestic violence. This is further supported by Hester et al. (1998) who suggested that domestic violence is contributory factor in half of all serious case reviews and 75% for those cases placed on the child protection register. This raises domestic violence as a child protection concern in the field of social work and thus has serious implications for practice. The high prevalence of domestic violence in child protection cases is not reflected in the same way in terms of health care professionals who have discovered a much lower proportion of domestic violence (Naumann et al. 1999; Mooney, 1993). The low rate of detection by professionals can perhaps be attributable to many factors. So far enquiry in this area has suggested that the level of knowledge a practitioner may hold with regards to domestic violence and abuse may be a crucial factor. Peckover (2003) goes further to highlight that professionals improper attitudes alongside a general absence of understanding and training regarding domestic violence may also explain the low statistics in uncovering abuse. This highlights a significant gap in an area where research and early intervention should be at its most robust. This could be explained that perhaps there is no infallible distinction or separation in both policy and practice of child abuse from woman abuse (Humphreys and Mullender, YEAR). A reason why the issue exists in such a context i.e. Childrens services, it may be that there is less emphasis on the use of monitoring domestic violence and is not seen as a child protection concern. The services that are available to children living with domestic violence are based on the presumption that is the womens responsibility to protect the child from experiencing harm, which characteristically involves forcing the partner to leave or leaving the household with her children herself. This also signifies the narrow understanding of domestic violence in a multi-professional manner but also its response to it. Lack of early intervention and strategies in place to identify children who may be at a risk of harm may also lead to increased social exclusion and increased financial strain on the state (REF). By addressing such themes in the literature review I will aim to demonstrate how the relationship between domestic violence and abuse is such that, where one is existing enquiries should consistently be made about the other. This will help to form safer, more sensitive assessments and well placed interventions. In light of research shown it may raises questions as to how far the impact of domestic violence is on children who are exposed to it, what possible interventions exist for such a large social problem. Methodology I will use to address the problem Whilst it has been acknowledged that a fully systematic review cannot be undertaken due to the time constraints of my MSc course I intend to use a systematic approach when reviewing literature. I will use a literature review to highlight key themes and issues brought to light by using a systematic approach when conducting and forming my search. I have also recognised that a non-systematic approach can lead to misleading conclusions in research which is not accurately verified. In addition a non-systematic review does not undertake critique of the literature which is needed to form a balanced judgement. Whereas a systematic approach will facilitate my research question/ rationale with a well-focused searching strategy to enhance appraisal and fusion of the literature I will be researching. However, I have realised that whilst a literature review is less time consuming and the least expensive research method. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. The benefit to employing this method is that it will allow me to be rigorous when synthesising relevant data found, and examine the evidence found. Though the weakness is that it will be not me conducting primary research which would be more beneficial to make the social science discipline more evidence based. In conducting a search so far I have already recognised the implications in using the terms domestic abuse, domestic violence and intimate partner violence. I have so far found that some of these terms only take into account certain aspects such as physical assaults. Therefore I will continue to use these terms when searching for relevant literature as it is used quite inter-changeably. To help find literature that addresses the research question I will intend to use established search engines and databases such as Google Scholar; DISCOVER; PsychInfo; and CINAHL. These databases will mostly be used to search for primary sources of research conducted. In addition Dawson Era the online university library will also be utilised for secondary sources such as books and other texts. Through this I will aim to discuss possible themes that have impacted childrens development in relation to domestic abuse and the risk factors associated. I will also aim to look at intervention strategies in place that recognise domestic violence as a co-occurring factor to potential child protection and safeguarding aspects of social work practice. To exactly utilise a systematic approach when conducting a literature review it may be important to have an inclusion and exclusion criteria to help in analysing relevant data. For inclusion I will keep a time frame in mind that is in line with current policy and research. As it is only as recent as the last three decades that children and young people have been directly investigated and researched when concerned with the impact of violence to them. Therefore, I have decided to limit data found in the past two decades to address the question. Therefore in light of research found in this area, it has raised key research questions. The question I have decided to focus my review on which is; what are the impacts of domestic violence on children and what are the implications of this for social work practice. Expected contribution to knowledge I will aim to further analyse my findings by utilising theories useful to underpin data found. Theories which I will use will be the Crisis intervention theory, Maslow and his hierarchy of needs, and person-centred theory. These will help to identify further recommendations that could help child care services to better meet the needs of children affected by domestic violence. To keep from going off topic, I will aim to meet with my dissertation supervisor on a regular basis to uncover and discuss issues in more detail with work presented.

Impact of the Enlightenment, Economics, and Geography on The American Revolution :: Essays on American Revolution

Many things contributed to the American Revolution besides the American people themselves. Some influential ideas that contributed to the Revolution are Enlightenment ideas. The Enlightenment thinkers behind these ideas are John Locke, and Voltaire. Economics also had I major impact on the American Revolution. Geography also played a major part the uprising of the American Revolution. There were many Enlightenment ideas that provoked the American colonists to start the American Revolution. John Locke was very influential with his ideas of consent of governed, and limited Monarchy. Voltaire also had great ideas which contribute to the American Revolution such as that the government should be run by Natural Law instead of Gods Law. In war time it is a proven fact that the British economy boasts just like in the French and Indian War. In the act of trade and navigation Britain forced the American colonies to trade only with English or ships heavily taxed by England. In 1764 Parliament passed a law saying sugar and molasses were to be tax, and paid in cash. This act was called the Sugar Act. To pay in cash was especially hard for colonist because they relied on the barter system. In 1765 Parliament passed another law were colonist had to pay taxes on official seals on legal papers, playing cards, and newspapers. This was called the Stamp Act. This was also to be paid in cash. In result of anger toward England for passing all these laws and acts the colonists organized, boycotting all of the things taxed by the Stamp Act. In 1774 the British punished the Massachusetts colony for there acts at the Boston Tea Party. The British moved the Capital to Salem. They closed Boston Harbor. England also sent 4000 troops to enforce these laws. In result of all this Americans set up the First Continental Congress. They decided to stop all trade with England and organized colonial militias. This was all ignored by England. The colonies in return set up the Continental Congress. The declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. After these events war was inevitable with England. Geography had a major effect on the start of the American Revolution. The Atlantic Ocean separated England and the American colonies, but still the British demanded control over the united states. The proclamation of 1763 was a Royal order to stop the colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.